район подхода

area n acceleration area active thunderstorm area advisory area aerodrome approach area aerodrome graded area aerodrome movement area air intake hazard area airport construction area airport prohibited area airport service area air-route area airspace restricted area air traffic control area alert area alighting area approach area approach area hazard area chart area control area control center area density calculation area flight control area forecast area forecast center area forecast plan area forecast system (погоды) area navigation area navigation capability area navigation equipment area navigation route area navigation system area of coverage area of coverage of the forecasts area of occurence area of responsibility area watch baggage break-down area baggage-claim area baggage delivery area bearing area boarding area boundary of the area break-in area build-in area circling approach area climb-out area cone effect area congested area danger area danger areas chart dead area departure area design wing area direct transit area drag area end safety area en-route area entry area Eurocontrol area extended end safety area facsimile area forecast chart fog-prone area gases shear area grass landing area gross wing area hard-core area holding area interference-free area land area landing area facilities leave a parking area lifting surface area liftoff area loading area load per unit area low air area low control area maintenance area make-up area maneuvering area (manoeuvring area) noncritical area nozzle exit area oceanic area control center oceanic control area open-water area operational area overrun area overrun safety area parking area passenger assembly area polar area poleward area prepared landing area primary area boundary prohibited area propeller disk area radar control area radar service area recovery area reserved area restricted area restricted use area routing area run-up area runway end safety area runway end safety area lights search and rescue area secondary area boundary sensitive area service area signal area speed control area supporting area tailpipe area takeoff area takeoff flight path area temporary restricted area terminal area terminal area streamline terminal area surveillance radar terminal area taxi sequence terminal control area ticket check area training area transit area transit passenger area turnaround area undershoot area unobstructed landing area upper advisory area upper air area upper area control center upper control area upper level control area variable area nozzle warning area wing area World area forecast center

[vɪ'sɪnɪtɪ]

control n acceleration control line flow restrictor acceleration control unit aerodrome approach control system aerodrome control aerodrome control communication aerodrome controlled zone aerodrome control point aerodrome control radar aerodrome control radio aerodrome control sector aerodrome control service aerodrome control tower aerodrome control tower clearance aerodrome control unit aerodrome traffic control zone aerodynamic control aerodynamic roll control aeronautical information control aileron control system aileron trim tab control system air control aircraft control loss aircraft control margin aircraft control system aircraft control transfer aircraft sanitary control air intake spike control air mixture control airport control tower air traffic control 2. ответчик системы УВД Air Traffic Control Advisory Committee air traffic control area air traffic control boundary air traffic control center air traffic control clearance air-traffic control instruction air traffic control loop air traffic control procedures air traffic control radar air traffic control routing air traffic control service air traffic control system air traffic control unit airways control airworthiness control system altitude control unit amount of controls angle-of-attack control angular position control antitorque control pedal approach control approach control point approach control radar approach control service approach control tower approach control unit area control area control center area flight control assisted control associated crop control operation associated fire control operation assume the control assumption of control message attitude control system (в полете) attitude flight control automatic boost control automatic control automatic exhaust temperature control automatic flight control automatic flight control equipment automatic flight control system automatic gain control automatic level control automatic path control automatic volume control autopilot control autostart control unit backswept boundary layer controlled wing balance the control surface bank control blanketing of controls bleed valve control mechanism bleed valve control unit boundary layer control brake control pedal Budget Control Section (ИКАО) bypass control cabin temperature control system cable control cable control system cargo hatch control switch change-over to manual control check control clearance control collective pitch control collective pitch control lever collective pitch control rod collective pitch control system (несущего винта) constant altitude control control actuator control board control booster control cable control cable fairlead control cable pressure seal control center control characteristic control circuit control column control column elbow control column gaiter control communication control console control desk control force control gear control in transition control lag controlled aerodrome controlled airspace controlled flight controlled route controlled spin control lever controlling beam controlling fuel control linkage control lock control loss control message control mode control of an investigation control panel control pedestal control position indicator control radar control radio station control rod control rod pressure seal control signal control slot (пограничным слоем) control speed Минимально допустимая скорость при сохранении управляемости. controls response control stick (воздушным судном) control stick movement control surface control surface angle control surface chord control surface deflection control surface effectiveness control surface load control surface pilot control surface reversal control system control system load control the aircraft control the pitch control transfer line control unit control valve control wheel control wheel force control wheel grip control wheel horn control wheel rim control zone crop control flight crop control operation customs control cyclic pitch control cyclic pitch control rod cyclic pitch control stick (несущего винта) cyclic pitch control system (несущего винта) data flow control deceleration control unit deflect the control surface (напр. элерон) differential aileron control differential control digital engine control direct control directional control directional control capability directional control loss directional control pedal direct lift control system director control distance control Document Control Unit drift angle control dual control easy-to-operate control electric propeller pitch control electronic engine control system elevator control elevator control stand emergency control engine control system engine throttle control lever environmental control system equipment environment control environment control system (воздушного судна) environment control system noise fail to maintain control fail to relinquish control feedback control system fire control operation flight compartment controls flight control flight control boost system flight control fundamentals flight control gust-lock system (при стоянке воздушного судна) flight control load flight control system flight director system control panel flow control flow control center flow control procedure foot controls fore-aft control rod fuel control panel fuel control unit fuel injection control full-span control surface (напр. крыла) get out of control go out of control ground control ground controlled approach ground control system (полетом) hand control handle the flight controls heading control loop health control helicopter control system hydraulic control hydraulic control boost system hydraulic propeller pitch control immigration control independent control inertial control system integrated control system integrated system of airspace control interphone control box irreversible control jacking control unit jet deviation control system laminar flow control landing control land use control lateral control lateral control rod lateral control spoiler lateral control system (воздушным судном) layout of controls level control longitudinal control longitudinal control rod longitudinal control system (воздушным судном) loss of control loss the control low control area maintain control manipulate the flight controls manual control master control mid air collision control mixture control mixture control assembly mixture control knob mixture control lever noise control noise control technique nonreversible control nozzle control system oceanic area control center oceanic control area oil control ring operating controls operational control overspeed limiting control passport control pedal control pilot on the controls pitch control pitch control lever pitch control system pitch trim control knob positive control zone power augmentation control power-boost control power-boost control system powered control power-operated control power-operated control system pressure control system pressure control unit propeller control unit propeller pitch control propeller pitch control system pull the control column back pull the control stick back push-button control push-pull control system (при помощи тяг) push the control column push the control stick quality control expert radar approach control radar control radar control area radar transfer of control radio control board radio remote control regional control center release of control relinquish control remote control remote control equipment remote control system respond to controls reverser lock control valve reversible control reversible control system rigid control roll control roll control force sensor roll control knob rudder control rudder control system rudder trim tab control system runway controlled runway control van safety control measures speed control area speed control system (полета) spring tab control rod stabilizer control jack stack controlled starting fuel control unit steering-damping control valve stiff control surface movement control surge control tab control system tab control wheel tail rotor control pedal take over the control temperature control temperature control amplifier temporary loss of control terminal control area terminal radar control terminate the control termination of control throttle control throttle control knob throttle control twist grip tie bus control track controlled traffic control traffic control instructions traffic control personnel traffic control regulations transfer of control transfer the control trim tab control turn control knob unassisted control unassisted control system upper area control center upper control area upper level control area warning system control unit weight and balance controlled wind flaps control system windshield heat control unit wing flap control system yaw control

['ɪngres]

•• The Bush proposal has less to do with a vision of man’s destiny than with a totally dysfunctional government agency. NASA gave us the glory of Apollo, then spent the next three decades twirling around in space in low Earth orbit studying zero-G nausea.
•• Вроде бы ясно, о чем речь, но писать по-русски дисфункциональное ведомство не хочется; недееспособное – не совсем верно, ведь НАСА активно работала все эти годы, другое дело – по мнению автора статьи, оно занималось не тем, чем следовало бы. Может быть, просто из рук вон плохо работающее? Или продемонстрировавшее свою несостоятельность? Можно предложить и варианты, более характерные для «российской традиции» хлестких обвинений, – беспомощное или бездарно провалившееся ведомство.
•• Два примера употребления слова dysfunctional, интересных с точки зрения перевода:
•• The existing bureaucratic incentive structure only encourages rent-seeking activities, dysfunctional government and chaos. (Moscow Times)
•• Я бы перевел dysfunctional government как недееспособная власть. (Другая трудность здесь – rent-seeking. По-русски слово рента употребляется иногда специалистами в этом значении: чиновничья рента, регулярный откат, но не всем это было бы понятно в переводе публицистической статьи. Поэтому можно предложить, скажем, существующая система плодит корыстных чиновников.)
•• Reforming, and in many cases gutting, outdated and economically dysfunctional Soviet social services is key to creating a modern market economy. (Peter Lavelle)
•• Наверное, economically dysfunctional social services лучше всего перевести как непригодная с точки зрения нормальной экономики система социальной защиты, но это очень длинно. Можно экономически порочная.
•• Обвинения в беспомощности часто звучат в Америке по отношению к государственным ведомствам, и они не остаются без ответа:
•• Let’s start by dispelling the myth that the CIA has become a “ dysfunctional” and “ rogue” agency. (Из статьи заместителя директора ЦРУ в Washington Post)
•• Здесь можно заменить оба прилагательных на глаголы:
•• Сначала надо развеять миф о том, что ЦРУ «хронически не справляется со своими обязанностями» или «сорвалось с тормозов/вышло из подчинения».
•• Что касается rogue (см. об этом слове отдельно), то есть еще один интересный вариант: ЦРУ стало неуправляемым. И вот вполне «раскованный» вариант перевода этой фразы: <...> ЦРУ – неисправный механизм и неуправляемый снаряд.
•• Итак, возможности для творческого подхода почти неограниченные, поэтому использовать медицинский термин дисфункциональный, мне кажется, не нужно.
•• А вот с часто встречающимся выражением dysfunctional family, по-моему, все ясно – это неблагополучная семья. Кстати, интересный момент, относящийся к слову неблагополучный. В книге П. Вайля «Гений места» меня несколько удивил следующий пассаж:
•• Такие районы считаются неблагополучными – удобный все-таки термин, существующий во многих языках, мягкий. Неблагополучный подросток – это который школу поджог и пытался учительницу изнасиловать.
•• Хочет ли автор сказать, что у слова неблагополучный есть абсолютные эквиваленты в европейских языках? Мне они неизвестны. Dysfunctional – скорее контекстуальный эквивалент. Неблагополучный район, как и неблагополучный подросток – лучше всего problem neighborhood ( teenager). В первом случае можно попробовать также precarious, во втором – unruly или troubled.
•• Еще пример из Вайля, показывающий, что readily available («легко подставляемый») эквивалент слова неблагополучный в английском отсутствует, но контекстуальный вариант найти нетрудно: Но вернемся к неблагополучным слоям населения. Это скорее всего просто the underprivileged ( classes или strata). Интересно определение underprivileged в Аmerican Heritage Dictionary: socially or economically deprived. Налицо различные способы «смягчения» – эта современная тенденция (не то же самое, что эвфемизм, и отчасти смыкающаяся с «политкорректностью»), кажется, не очень изучена, в том числе и с точки зрения перевода.

abandoned aerodrome aerodrome accumulator plant aerodrome adverse weather aerodrome air picture aerodrome alerting procedure aerodrome alerting service aerodrome alert measures aerodrome alert room aerodrome alert status aerodrome alert system aerodrome altitude aerodrome approach aerodrome approach aids aerodrome approach area aerodrome approach chart aerodrome approach control system aerodrome approach lights aerodrome approach road aerodrome authority aerodrome beacon aerodrome boundary aerodrome calm aerodrome category aerodrome chart aerodrome check point aerodrome checkpoint aerodrome check-point sign aerodrome circle aerodrome circling aerodrome circuit aerodrome circuit-circling aerodrome climatographical table aerodrome climatological summary aerodrome complex aerodrome conditions aerodrome control aerodrome control communication aerodrome controlled zone aerodrome controller aerodrome control point aerodrome control radar aerodrome control radio aerodrome control sector aerodrome control service aerodrome control tower aerodrome control tower clearance aerodrome control unit aerodrome culture aerodrome directory aerodrome drainage aerodrome drainage system aerodrome elevation aerodrome emergency aerodrome emergency exercise aerodrome emergency planning aerodrome emergency service aerodrome engineering aerodrome engineering instructor aerodrome environment aerodrome environs aerodrome fencing aerodrome flight information service aerodrome forecast aerodrome forecast material aerodrome graded area aerodrome ground profile aerodrome ground signal aerodrome ground visibility aerodrome handing capacity aerodrome hazard beacon aerodrome identification aerodrome identification sign aerodrome in question aerodrome ladndmark aerodrome lavatory track aerodrome lavatory truck aerodrome layout aerodrome level aerodrome lighting aerodrome locating beacon aerodrome marking system aerodrome marshaller aerodrome master plan aerodrome meteorological minima aerodrome minima aerodrome movement area aerodrome network aerodrome observation aerodrome obstruction chart aerodrome of call aerodrome of departure aerodrome of intended landing aerodrome of origin aerodrome operating minima aerodrome operation aerodrome pavement aerodrome pressure aerodrome reference code aerodrome reference point aerodrome reference temperature aerodrome report aerodrome rules Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids Section (ИКАО) aerodrome security lighting aerodrome service (диспетчерское) aerodrome service road aerodrome site aerodrome snow windrow aerodrome strip aerodrome strip marker aerodrome surveillance radar aerodrome taxi circuit aerodrome traffic aerodrome traffic circuit aerodrome traffic circuit operation aerodrome traffic control zone aerodrome traffic pattern aerodrome traffic zone aerodrome usability aerodrome usability factor aerodrome utilization factor aerodrome utilization rate aerodrome vehicle operation aerodrome visual aids aerodrome warning aerodrome wind distribution aerodrome wind rose aerodrome wind shift aerodrome wind sock all-weather aerodrome alternate aerodrome arrival aerodrome arrive over the aerodrome auxiliary aerodrome base aerodrome carry out a circuit of the aerodrome categorized aerodrome circle the aerodrome civil aerodrome coastal aerodrome concrete-surfaced aerodrome controlled aerodrome debarkation aerodrome depot aerodrome destination aerodrome domestic aerodrome embarkation aerodrome emergency aerodrome en-route aerodrome entry into the aerodrome zone factory aerodrome familiar aerodrome final aerodrome fog-plagued aerodrome get into the aerodrome given aerodrome grass aerodrome hard surface aerodrome helicopter aerodrome high-level aerodrome home aerodrome identify the aerodrome from the air intermediate aerodrome jet aerodrome joint civil and military aerodrome key aerodrome land aerodrome landing aerodrome landing off the aerodrome layout of aerodrome markings local aerodrome logistics aerodrome main aerodrome military aerodrome municipal commercial aerodrome nonradar aerodrome operate from the aerodrome operational aerodrome participating aerodrome permanent aerodrome principal aerodrome provisional aerodrome receiving aerodrome refuelling aerodrome regular aerodrome reserve aerodrome rigid pavement aerodrome satellite aerodrome supplementary aerodrome takeoff aerodrome temporary aerodrome terminal aerodrome test aerodrome training aerodrome uncontrolled aerodrome unfamiliar aerodrome unmarked aerodrome obstructions unpaved aerodrome X-type aerodrome

navigation n African Navigation Aviation Commission aids to air navigation aircraft navigation equipment air navigation air navigation agreement Air Navigation Bureau air navigation charge air navigation chart Air Navigation Commission Air Navigation Committee air navigation computer Air Navigation Conference air navigation facilities air navigation plan air navigation protractor air navigation region air navigation school air navigation service air navigation table angle navigation approach navigation area navigation area navigation capability area navigation equipment area navigation route area navigation system astronomical navigation automated navigation system constant-bearing navigation contact navigation dead-reckoning navigation Doppler navigation Doppler navigation computer electronic navigation aids en-route navigation en-route navigation aids en-route navigation facilities European Air Navigation Planning Group flight navigation grid navigation ground-referenced navigation system ground reference navigation inertial navigation inertial navigation system inertial navigation unit International commission for Air Navigation international navigation landmark navigation long-range air navigation system long-range navigation navigation aids navigation computer navigation computer correction selector navigation display navigation error navigation facilities navigation grid navigation hard copy navigation leg navigation light navigation light dihedral angle navigation performance navigation slide rule navigation system navigation system selector navigation visual aids pictorial navigation indicator pictorial navigation system (информации) pilot-interpreted navigation system practical air navigation Procedures for Air Navigation Services radar navigation radar navigation system radio navigation radio navigation chart radio navigation facilities radio navigation flight radio navigation service radio navigation system regional air navigation regional air navigation meeting (ИКАО) rho-theta navigation system route air navigation facilities self-contained navigation self-contained navigation means self-contained navigation system short-range navigation short range radio navigation system star navigation tactical air navigation tactical air navigation facilities tactical air navigation system television radar navigation terminal navigation aids terminal navigation facilities terrestrial navigation visual navigation visual navigation flight waypoint navigation